Hydroelectricity is renewable energy that uses the force of moving water to generate electricity.
Dam-Based Facility
The most common type of hydroelectricity facility is the dam-based facility, which uses a dam to store water in a reservoir and then release it through turbines to generate electricity. Dam-based facilities can be large or small, and they can be located in bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, or oceans. In addition to generating electricity, dam-based facilities can also provide other benefits, such as flood control and recreation.
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Pumped-Storage Hydroelectricity
In a pumped-storage hydroelectricity system, two reservoirs are used to store water and then released back into the lower when electricity demand is low. The Utility Bidder reported that total hydroelectric power capacity of over 4,700 MW, including over 2,800 MW of pumped storage.
Pumped-storage hydroelectricity is a very efficient way of storing and using electricity, as it can meet both peak and base load demand. When there is high demand, the water is pumped from the lower to the upper reservoir, which stores potential energy. When there is low demand, the water is released back into the lower reservoir, generating electricity.
Run of the River Hydroelectricity
Run of the river hydroelectricity is a type of hydropower generation that relies on the natural flow of water in a river to generate electricity. The water is diverted from the river into a pipeline (or penstock) and then flows through a turbine, which spins a generator in order to produce electricity.
The main advantage of a run of the river hydroelectricity is that it does not require a large dam or reservoir to store water, which can have significant environmental impacts. Additionally, run of the river hydroelectricity plants can be built relatively quickly and cheaply compared to other power plants.
The main disadvantage of a river hydroelectricity run is that it relies on having a consistent water flow in the river, which can be difficult to predict. The power output of a run of the river hydroelectricity plant can fluctuate depending on the water level in the river.
Overall, run of the river hydroelectricity is a relatively efficient and low-impact way to generate electricity, but it is not without its challenges.
Tidal Power
This converts the energy of tides into electricity or other useful forms of power. Tidal power works by harnessing the energy of the tides. As the oceans are vast, the tides can be very powerful. Tidal power plants work by using this power to generate electricity.
There are two main types of tidal power plants:
Barrages: Barrages work by damming a section of the tidal river or estuary. This causes the water to build up behind the barrage, and when the tide turns, the water is released through turbines, which generate electricity.
Turbines: Turbines work by being placed in the tidal flow. As the tide turns, the turbines rotate and generate electricity.
It is also very predictable, as tides are caused by the regular movements of the moon and the sun. Tidal power is also very efficient, as it can convert up to 80% of tidal energy into electricity.
However, tidal power also has some disadvantages. It is expensive to build tidal power plants and can only be built in specific locations where the tides are strong enough. Tidal power can also have a negative impact on the environment, as barrages can block the flow of rivers and estuaries, and turbines can damage fish and other marine life.
Despite these disadvantages, tidal power is a promising renewable energy source that could play an important role in meeting the world’s energy needs in the future.